聚维酮K90中三乙醇胺的测定

目的：建立药用辅料聚维酮K90中三乙醇胺的测定方法。方法：采用毛细管气相色谱法,以50%苯基-50%甲基聚硅氧烷为固定液(DB-17,30m×0.32mm,0.25μm),起始温度100℃,以10℃.min-1升温至240℃,保持2分钟,氢火焰离子化检测器,进样口温度260℃,检测器温度290℃,以氮气为载气,流速2mL.min-1,分流比10:1。结果：在选定的色谱条件下,三乙醇胺与内标邻苯二甲酸二乙酯分离良好,样品中的其他成分不干扰测定。以内标法计算,三乙醇胺线性回归方程为Y=0.024C-0.667(r=0.9995),线性范围36.2μg.mL-1～361.8μg.mL-1,平均回收率为95.0%(n=6),精密度为4.5%(n=6),检出限为12.1μg.mL-1,定量限为36.2μg.mL-1。3批聚维酮样品的三乙醇胺的含量均为0.2%。结论：该方法准确、可靠,可用于聚维酮K90中三乙醇胺残留测定,同时为聚维酮其他型号样品中三乙醇胺的测定提供依据。     

普拉洛芬滴眼液中苯扎氯铵的含量测定方法研究

摘要 目的：建立普拉洛芬滴眼液中苯扎氯铵含量的HPLC测定方法。方法：用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,以0.07mol?L乙酸铵溶液（含三乙胺1%,冰醋酸调节pH至5.0）-乙腈（25：75）为流动相,检测波长为210nm。结果：在选定的色谱条件下,各组分分离度良好,苄基十二烷基二甲基氯化铵、苄基十四烷基二甲基氯化铵分别在3.4～33.8μg?mL-1,0.7～5.5μg?mL-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好（r>0.999）;精密度试验的RSD分别为0.2%和0.7%、稳定性试验的RSD均不大于1.0%;回收率分别为99.9%,101.2%（n=9,RSD<1.0%）。C12与C14的检出限分别为3.4 ng?mL-1和110.5 ng?mL-1。在测定3批样品中,其中C12含量（μg?mL-1）分别为57.195,57.009,56.830;C14含量（μg?mL-1）分别为12.850,12.714,12.937;苯扎氯铵含量（μg?mL-1）分别为70.045,69.723,69.767。结论：本方法专属性强,准确度高,重现性好,能分别控制普拉洛芬滴眼液中苯扎氯铵两种同系物的含量。     

重复性测定结果可接受性检查方法在高效液相法色谱法含量测定中的应用

目的：根据我国国家标准,建立药物含量测定高效液相色谱法重复性测定结果可接受性检查的一般流程。方法：设计了实验室内小型实验方案,通过统计学方法推导出重复性限。从而计算得到相应方法的可接受性限。结果：高效液相色谱法进行药物含量测定的重复性限为r= 3.44。结论：通过实验室内部数据的采集,评估重复性限,建立药物含量测定高效液相色谱法重复性测定结果可接受性检查的方法,为完善《中国药典》中方法重复性的要求提供了依据。     

Triterpenoids with antioxidant activities from Myricaria squamosa

A new triterpenoid, namely myricarin C (compound 1), together with three known compounds myricarin A (compound 2) and myricarin B (compound 3), 3α-hydroxy-D-friedoolean-14-en-28-oic acid (compound 4), was isolated from the overground part of Myricaria squamosa. Compound 2 and compound 3 existed in the solution by the form of cis-trans isomers. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. The antioxidant properties of all compounds were calculated based on the DPPH radical scavenging activities. Results showed that myricarin A and myricarin C had general antioxidant activities with EC₅₀ values of 40.90 μg/ml, 42.22 μg/ml, respectively, compared to the control, rutin (5.17 μg/ml). The EC₅₀ values of myricarin B was 195.81 μg/ml. Compound 4 had no antioxidant activities.     

唾液中氰离子的五氟苄基溴衍生气相色谱法测定

目的 建立用五氟苄基溴(PFB-Br)衍生气相色谱法,电子捕获检测器(ECD)定量测定唾液中氰离子(CN^-)的方法。方法 取微量唾液,加入缓冲溶液后用乙腈稀释定容,加入定量的PFB-Br摇匀,沸水浴30.0 min进行衍生反应,冷却后直接进样入气相色谱仪分离,以ECD检测器检测。结果 唾液中CN^-的质量浓度在0.25~200.0 mg/L呈线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 4;以100.0 μl唾液量计算,方法最低检出浓度为0.07 mg/L,最低定量浓度为0.25 mg/L;方法的批间精密度为2.4%~5.3%(n=6),批内精密度为1.1%~3.8%(n=6),加标回收率为100.7%~102.1%。唾液常见的无机离子Cl^-、F^-和SCN^-对测定结果均无干扰。样品可在4 ℃保存至少15 d。结论 该方法适用于唾液中氰离子测定,对氰化物中毒的应急检测有应用价值。     

Phytosterols Synergize With Endotoxin to Augment Inflammation in Kupffer Cells but Alone Have Limited Direct Effect on Hepatocytes

Introduction: Phytosterols are implicated in the development of parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease. A newly proposed mechanism for phytosterol‐mediated parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease is through phytosterol‐facilitated hepatic proinflammatory cytokine release following exposure to intestinally derived bacteria. Whether the proinflammatory effects are liver cell specific is not known. Aim: To determine if phytosterols cause inflammation in hepatocytes or Kupffer cells independently or require costimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: In an in vivo study, neonatal piglets on parenteral nutrition for 11 days received an 8‐hour infusion of LPS. In the in vitro studies, neonatal piglet Kupffer cells and hepatocytes were treated with media, media + 1% soy oil, or media + 1% soy oil + 100µM phytosterols. After 24‐hour incubation, cells were treated with farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist obeticholic acid or liver X receptor (LXR) agonist GW3965 and challenged with LPS or interleukin 1β. Results: LPS administration in piglets led to transient increases in proinflammatory cytokines and suppression of the transporters bile salt export pump and ATP‐binding cassette transporter G5. In hepatocytes, phytosterols did not activate inflammation. Phytosterol treatment alone did not activate inflammation in Kupffer cells but, combined with LPS, synergistically increased interleukin 1β production. FXR and LXR agonists increased transporter expression in hepatocytes. GW3965 suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production in Kupffer cells, but obeticholic acid did not. Conclusions: LPS suppresses transporters that control bile acid and phytosterol clearance. Phytosterols alone do not cause inflammatory response. However, with costimulation by LPS, phytosterols synergistically maximize the inflammatory response in Kupffer cells.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定人血浆中卡马西平、奥卡西平及其活性代谢产物的浓度和临床应用

目的：建立同时测定人血浆中卡马西平（CBZ）、10,11-环氧卡马西平（CBZE）、奥卡西平（OXC）和单羟基卡马西平（MHD）浓度的高效液相色谱法,并将其应用于临床中卡马西平、奥卡西平及其活性代谢产物血药浓度的测定。方法：以苯巴比妥为内标,血浆经乙醚-二氯甲烷（2∶1）提取。色谱柱为WondaSil C₁₈柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为甲醇∶水=50∶50,柱温30℃,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长215 nm,进样量20 μL。结果：卡马西平、10,11－环氧卡马西平、奥卡西平和单羟基卡马西平标准曲线范围分别为0.1~20,0.05~10,0.05~20,0.2~50 mg·L^-1,最低检测限分别为0.1,0.05,0.05,0.2 mg·L^-1,日内、日间精密度均小于10%。结论：该方法灵敏准确,简便快速,适用于卡马西平、奥卡西平及其代谢产物血药浓度检测。     

奥美拉唑对奥拉西坦在中国健康人体中药代动力学的影响

目的建立高效液相色谱质法测定人血浆中奥拉西坦的浓度,研究奥美拉唑对奥拉西坦在中国健康男性志愿者体内血药浓度及药代动力学参数的影响。方法用单中心、开放、二周期自身交叉的试验设计,筛选8例健康受试者,应用HPLC法测定与奥美拉唑合用前后健康志愿者体内奥拉西坦的血药浓度,以DAS2.1.1药物动力学程序拟合药代动力学参数,以SPSS11.5软件进行统计学分析。结果结果显示合用奥美拉唑前后,奥拉西坦的药代动力学参数AUC_0-t、AUC_0-∞、MRT_0-t、MRT_0-∞、t_max、C_max、t_1/2、CL/F和V/F均没有显著性变化。结论 HPLC法测定人血浆奥拉西坦浓度,方法简便、准确,灵敏度高,重现性好,且合用奥美拉唑对奥拉西坦人体内药代动力学无明显影响。     

分子排阻色谱法测定头孢克洛胶囊中高分子杂质的含量

目的 建立分子排阻色谱法测定头孢克洛胶囊中的高分子杂质。方法 采用球状亲水硅胶柱(TSK-GEL?G2500PWXL色谱柱,7.8mm×300mm, 7μm),流动相为磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.0)[0.02mol/L磷酸氢二钠溶液和0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液(61:39)]-乙腈(95:5)为流动相,流速为0.8mL/min,检测波长为265nm,以头孢克洛对照品外标法计算高分子杂质的含量。结果 头孢克洛在0.532~21.280μg/mL的浓度范围内,面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999);最小检出浓度为0.161μg/mL;高分子杂质与头孢克洛峰能有效分离,并先于主峰流出,方法专属性良好。结论 该方法适于测定头孢克洛胶囊中高分子杂质,灵敏度高,重复性好,操作简便。